I. Elements of 3D Design

Symmetrical balance is seen in perfectly centered compositions or those with mirror images. In a design with only two elements they would be almost identical or have nearly the same visual mass.

Brancusi, The Kiss
Judy Chicago, Birth Project
Magdalena Abakanaowicz


Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Perfect Lovers)


Louise Bourgeois, Janus Fleuri


Asymmetrical balance is the placement of non-identical forms to either side of a balancing point in such a way that the two sides seem to be of the same visual weight.


Michelangelo Pistoletto, Silver Self-Portrait


Donald Judd


Richard Serra, Bramme

Claes Oldenburg, Spoonbridge and Cherry


Claes Oldenburg, Spitzhacke

Radial balance is an organized pattern or design emanating from the center of a circular format. This design usually has some symmetrical properties.
Brancusi, The Table of Silence

Judy Chicago, Holocaust Project

Nam June Paik


Claes Oldenburg, Ice Bag-Scale B


Eva Hesse
Scale is a ratio that is used to determine the relationship between an object represented to that which it represents in its actual size,
Proportion is the harmonious relationship of one part to another or to the whole with respect to size, quantity, or degree.

Brancusi

Judy Chicago, Minimal works

Michelangelo Pistoletto, The Rooms



Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Silent Majority)

Louise Bourgeois, American
Emphasis is the principle of design by which the artist may use opposing sizes and/or shapes, contrasting colors, or other means to place greater attention on certain areas or objects in a work of art,
Contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable from other objects and the background.Magdalena Abakanowicz

Eva Hesse, Free Study with leaves

Eva Hesse, Augment

Michelangelo Pistoletto, Experiment



Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Portrait of Ross in LA)

Variety is a principle of design that refers to combining different elements of art to achieve different visual interest.

Repetition is a technique used in which a design, shape, or line is repeated for effect or emphasis,
Rhythm refers to the repetition of a design, shape, or line that creates the visual aspect of movement. Eva Hesse, Schema



Magdalena Abakanowicz, Katarsis (33 figures)


Nam June Paik, Moon is the oldest television


Leonardo Drew



Louise Bourgeois, Echo